Patterns and Hatches¶

Go and edit the configuration of the bplandmarks layer, enter the “Publishing” tab and associate the cemetery_mark and cemetery_graphics styles as “Additional styles” for the layer, then press “Save”
Navigate to Styles list.
Select “cemetery_graphics” from the list

Patterns filling SLD

In the SLD Editor you will see the following XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sld:StyledLayerDescriptor
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld"
xmlns:sld="http://www.opengis.net/sld"
xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0.0">
  <sld:UserLayer>
    <sld:UserStyle>
      <sld:Name>tl 2010 08013 arealm</sld:Name>
      <sld:Title/>
      <sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
        <sld:Rule>
          <sld:Name>cemeteries</sld:Name>
          <ogc:Filter>
            <ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
              <ogc:PropertyName>MTFCC</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>K2582</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
          </ogc:Filter>
          <sld:MaxScaleDenominator>500000.0</sld:MaxScaleDenominator>
          <sld:PolygonSymbolizer>
            <sld:Fill>
              <sld:GraphicFill>
                <sld:Graphic>
                  <sld:ExternalGraphic>
                    <sld:OnlineResource
                    xlink:type="simple"
                    xlink:href="./img/landmarks/area/grave_yard.png" />
                    <sld:Format>image/png</sld:Format>
                  </sld:ExternalGraphic>
                </sld:Graphic>
              </sld:GraphicFill>
            </sld:Fill>
          </sld:PolygonSymbolizer>
        </sld:Rule>
      </sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
    </sld:UserStyle>
  </sld:UserLayer>
</sld:StyledLayerDescriptor>

Note

The above SLD defines a <PolygonSymbolizer> with a <GraphicFill> pointing to a png ./img/landmarks/area/grave_yard.png in the GeoServer data directory, which will be used by GeoServer as pattern to fill the polygon.

Note

The CSS equivalent of this style is the following

[MTFCC='K2582'] [@scale < 500000] {
    fill: url(./img/landmarks/area/grave_yard.png);
    fill-mime: 'image/png';
}

If you click the “Preview Legend” button, a preview of the legend for this style will be displayed.

The legend preview of the style
In the Layer Preview , select the bplandmarks layer, and open it. The style will appear as shown in the following image:

Filling with patterns
Like before, select now “cemetery_mark” from the list of Styles

True Type Font filling SLD

In the SLD Editor you will see the following XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sld:StyledLayerDescriptor
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld"
xmlns:sld="http://www.opengis.net/sld"
xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0.0">

  <sld:UserLayer>
    <sld:Name>cemeteries</sld:Name>
    <sld:UserStyle>
      <sld:Name>tl 2010 08013 arealm</sld:Name>
      <sld:Title/>
      <sld:FeatureTypeStyle>


        <sld:Rule>
          <sld:Name>cemeteries</sld:Name>
          <ogc:Filter>
            <ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
              <ogc:PropertyName>MTFCC</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>K2582</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
          </ogc:Filter>
          <sld:MaxScaleDenominator>500000.0</sld:MaxScaleDenominator>
          <sld:PolygonSymbolizer>
            <sld:Fill>
              <sld:CssParameter name="fill">#D3FFD3</sld:CssParameter>
              <sld:CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.5</sld:CssParameter>
            </sld:Fill>
            <sld:Stroke>
              <sld:CssParameter name="stroke">#6DB26D</sld:CssParameter>
            </sld:Stroke>
          </sld:PolygonSymbolizer>
          <sld:PolygonSymbolizer>
            <sld:Fill>
              <sld:GraphicFill>
                <sld:Graphic>
                  <sld:Mark>
                    <sld:WellKnownName>ttf://Wingdings#0x0055</sld:WellKnownName>
                    <sld:Stroke>
                    <sld:CssParameter name="stroke">#6DB26D</sld:CssParameter>
                    </sld:Stroke>
                  </sld:Mark>
                  <sld:Size>16</sld:Size>
                </sld:Graphic>
              </sld:GraphicFill>
            </sld:Fill>
            <sld:VendorOption name="graphic-margin">8</sld:VendorOption>
          </sld:PolygonSymbolizer>

        </sld:Rule>

      </sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
    </sld:UserStyle>
  </sld:UserLayer>
</sld:StyledLayerDescriptor>

Note

The CSS equivalent of this style is the following

[MTFCC='K2582'] [@scale < 500000] {
  fill: #D3FFD3, symbol('ttf://Wingdings#0x0055');
  fill-size: 16;
  fill-opacity: 0.5, 1.0;
  stroke: #6DB26D;
  -gt-graphic-margin: 8;
  :nth-symbol(2) {
    stroke: #6DB26D;
  }
}

Note

The above SLD defines a <PolygonSymbolizer> with a <GraphicFill> looking for a specific Windings character which will be used by GeoServer as pattern to fill the polygon. The graphic-margin VendorOption is used to add some space around symbols.

In this case, if you open the layer in the Layer Preview the style will appear as the following image:

Filling with TTF fonts

Lets now take a look at another way to fill polygons using patterns, the Hatches. From the Welcome Page navigate to Styles and select “wetlands” from the list.

Note

You may switch to the second page in order to find the style.

Wetlands style with some hatches

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sld:StyledLayerDescriptor xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:sld="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" version="1.0.0">
  <sld:UserLayer>
    <sld:LayerFeatureConstraints>
      <sld:FeatureTypeConstraint/>
    </sld:LayerFeatureConstraints>
    <sld:UserStyle>
      <sld:Name>Wetlands regulatory area</sld:Name>
      <sld:Title/>
      <sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
        <sld:Rule>
          <sld:Name>default rule</sld:Name>
          <sld:MaxScaleDenominator>10000.0</sld:MaxScaleDenominator>
          <sld:PolygonSymbolizer>
            <sld:Fill>
              <sld:GraphicFill>
                <sld:Graphic>
                  <sld:Mark>
                    <sld:WellKnownName>shape://times</sld:WellKnownName>
                    <sld:Fill/>
                    <sld:Stroke>
                      <sld:CssParameter name="stroke">#ADD8E6</sld:CssParameter>
                      <sld:CssParameter name="stroke-width">1.0</sld:CssParameter>
                    </sld:Stroke>
                  </sld:Mark>
                  <sld:Size>
                    <ogc:Literal>8.0</ogc:Literal>
                  </sld:Size>
                </sld:Graphic>
              </sld:GraphicFill>
              <!--
              <sld:CssParameter name="fill">#7CE3F8</sld:CssParameter>
              <sld:CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.5</sld:CssParameter>
              -->
            </sld:Fill>
          </sld:PolygonSymbolizer>
        </sld:Rule>
      </sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
    </sld:UserStyle>
  </sld:UserLayer>
</sld:StyledLayerDescriptor>

Note

The CSS equivalent of this style is the following

[@scale < 10000] {
  fill: symbol('shape://times');
  fill-size: 8;
  :nth-symbol(1) {
    stroke: #ADD8E6;
    stroke-width: 1.0;
  };
}

Comment out the following line in order to see the polygons at lower zoom levels too:
```

```
Click Save to save the updated SLD.
To see how the styles work, make sure the default style of the Wetlands_regulatory_area feature type is set to wetlands.

Changing the default style of the Wetlands_regulatory_area feature type to wetlands
Use the Layer Preview to preview the new style.

Previewing the Wetlands_regulatory_area layer with the hatches applied
On the previous example we used times as hatches mark. GeoServer makes available different kinds of hatches marks:

Different types of hatches marks.

Dashes¶

Lets now familiarize a bit with Dashes. We are going to see how it’s possible to draw several kind of dashes to represent different types of trails or roads.
From the Welcome Page navigate to Styles.

Note

You have to be logged in as Administrator in order to activate this function.
Select “trails” from the list

Dashes SLD

In the SLD Editor you will see the following XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sld:StyledLayerDescriptor xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:sld="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" version="1.0.0">
  <sld:UserLayer>
    <sld:LayerFeatureConstraints>
      <sld:FeatureTypeConstraint/>
    </sld:LayerFeatureConstraints>
    <sld:UserStyle>
      <sld:Name>Trails</sld:Name>
      <sld:Title/>
      <sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
        <sld:Rule>
          <sld:MaxScaleDenominator>75000</sld:MaxScaleDenominator>
          <sld:LineSymbolizer>
            <sld:Stroke>
              <sld:CssParameter name="stroke">#6B4900</sld:CssParameter>
              <sld:CssParameter name="stroke-width">0.1</sld:CssParameter>
              <sld:CssParameter name="stroke-dasharray">2.0 </sld:CssParameter>
            </sld:Stroke>
          </sld:LineSymbolizer>
        </sld:Rule>
      </sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
    </sld:UserStyle>
  </sld:UserLayer>
</sld:StyledLayerDescriptor>

Note

The CSS equivalent of this style is the following

[@scale < 75000] {
  stroke: #6B4900;
  stroke-width: 0.1;
  stroke-dasharray: 2.0;
}

Simple dash-array

Note

The above SLD defines a <LineSymbolizer> with a <Stroke> using the CSS property stroke-dasharray to represent the trails like a simple gray dash.

Note

Encodes a dash pattern as a series of numbers separated by spaces. Odd-indexed numbers (first, third, etc) determine the length in pxiels to draw the line, and even-indexed numbers (second, fourth, etc) determine the length in pixels to blank out the line. Default is an unbroken line. Starting from version 2.1 dash arrays can be combined with graphic strokes to generate complex line styles with alternating symbols or a mix of lines and symbols.

The Style above is the default one for the layer geosolutions:Trails. Lets have a look at a bit more complex example. From the Welcome Page navigate to Styles and select “trails2” from the list

Trails2 Style

In the SLD Editor you will see the following XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sld:StyledLayerDescriptor xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:sld="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" version="1.0.0">
  <sld:UserLayer>
    <sld:LayerFeatureConstraints>
      <sld:FeatureTypeConstraint/>
    </sld:LayerFeatureConstraints>
    <sld:UserStyle>
      <sld:Name>Trails</sld:Name>
      <sld:Title/>
      <sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
        <sld:Rule>
          <sld:MaxScaleDenominator>75000</sld:MaxScaleDenominator>
          <sld:LineSymbolizer>
            <sld:Stroke>
              <sld:GraphicStroke>
                <sld:Graphic>
                  <sld:Mark>
                    <sld:WellKnownName>circle</sld:WellKnownName>
                    <sld:Fill>
                      <sld:CssParameter name="fill">#AA0000</sld:CssParameter>
                    </sld:Fill>
                  </sld:Mark>
                  <sld:Size>
                    <ogc:Literal>6</ogc:Literal>
                  </sld:Size>
                </sld:Graphic>
              </sld:GraphicStroke>
              <sld:CssParameter name="stroke-dasharray">6 18</sld:CssParameter>
            </sld:Stroke>
          </sld:LineSymbolizer>
          <sld:LineSymbolizer>
            <sld:Stroke>
              <sld:CssParameter name="stroke">#AA0000</sld:CssParameter>
              <sld:CssParameter name="stroke-dasharray">10 14</sld:CssParameter>
              <sld:CssParameter name="stroke-dashoffset">14</sld:CssParameter>
            </sld:Stroke>
          </sld:LineSymbolizer>
        </sld:Rule>
      </sld:FeatureTypeStyle>
    </sld:UserStyle>
  </sld:UserLayer>
</sld:StyledLayerDescriptor>

Note

The CSS equivalent of this style is the following

[@scale < 75000] {
  stroke: #AA0000, symbol(circle);
  stroke-dasharray: 10 14, 6 18;
  stroke-dashoffset: 14, 0;
  :nth-symbol(2) {
    size: 6;
    fill: #AA0000;
  }
}

Note

We may notice two interesting things in this style, two <LineSymbolizer> the first one defining a circle Mark with a simple dasharray and the second one a simple stroke defining also a dashoffset. The latter specifies the distance in pixels into the dasharray pattern at which to start drawing. Default is 0.

Open the geosolutions:Trails layers and add trails2 as an additional style, then go to the Layer Preview to see it in action

Warning

You have to zoom in from the layer preview in order to see the lines due to the MaxScaleDenominator

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